noura media

Important terms- for exam: Stereotypical: Relating to a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. Conforms:  Comply with rules, standards, or laws. Subverts:  Undermine the power and authority of (an established system or institution). Objectification:  Degrading someone to the status of a mere object. Sexualisation:  To make something sexual in character or quality. Hegemony: The political, economic, ideological or cultural power influenced by a dominant group over other groups. Patriarchal hegemony:  Hegemonic masculinity is defined as a practice that legitimises men's dominant position in society and justifies the subordination of women, and other marginalised ways of being a man. Challenges: A call to prove or justify something. Fetishisation: Be excessively or irrationally devoted to an object, activity, etc. Symbolic annihilation: The absence of representation, or underrepresentation, of some group

Media language Roland Barthes- Semiotics (Codes). Claude Levi-Strauss- Structuralism . Tzvetan Todorov- Narratology (narrative structure). Steve Neale- Theories around genre . Representation bell hooks- Feminist theory .  Stuart Hall- Representation . Lisbet Van zoonen- Feminist theory (idea of a male gaze). David Gauntlet-  Theories of identity . Industry Sonia Livingstone and Peter Hunt- Regulation . Curran and Seaton- Profit and power in media industries . David Hesmondhalgh- Cultural industries .  Audience Stuart Hall- Reception theory (Dominant reading, oppositional reading and negotiated theory). Albert Bandura- Media effects .  George Gerbner- Cultivation theory . 

Commodity fetishism: giving significant value to an object. It's the process of ascribing magic "fantom-like" qualities to an object, whereby the human labour required to make that object is lost once the object is associated with a monetary value for exchange. Marxism: conflict between working class and ruling class. ruling class exploit the working class, keeping them working class because they can control them and keep them where they are. Traditional representations of gender. Personification of the tap, giving it a sex and a personality. Commodity fetishism. The tap is the fetish. The tap is shown to be more important than the water itself.  Adbusters are semi-produced and protected by a fair use policy.

High end fashion being linked with poverty. It can be used to make people who buy high end fashion feel guilty because there are some who can't even afford food. The floor looks dirty and dry, implying that there is no water and the picture is set somewhere with a lot of poverty. White background symbolises purity and innocence (binary opposition). Shows a stereotypical representation of Africans. Tagline, "red soles are always in season," ironic because Loubouton is known for creating shoes with red soles. The audience is positioned to reject consumerism and understand/ possibly take action against the action of inequality. Cultural capital is gained from wearing shoes from high end brands like Loubouton's. 

"Genre conventions in magazines are completely informed by the social and historical context to which they are made." Evaluate this statement with reference to Adbusters. Make reference to genre hybridity. Genre conventions are what make magazines magazines. Historical contexts- the context of the year written, so different views and ideologies. Evaluate: look in detail, assess and give opinion. How to structure an essay: Read question. Underline key terms. Get reactions, use opinions. Plan the answer on paper. Introduction Context:  Society Adbusters (first published in 19089). Media fondation. Definition- genre. Why is it important. Argument- (use an opinion).  Conclusion-

Detournement- Hijacking or re-routing (culture jamming). Culture Jamming- The practice of criticising and subverting advertising and consumerism in the mass media, by ethers such as producing advertisements parodying those of global brands.  Adbusters magazine Genre: Not clear by looking at the front cover because each cover is different and theres no info on whats inside the magazine.  Could be a parody because it makes fun of other people/ things. Political (one magazine has a front cover of Donald Trump). Conventions of adbusters: The large picture in the middle of the title page. The masthead is different in every magazine. The barcode is placed in a different place every time, sometimes even in the middle of the page to show a message (e.g: the cover with a barcode on Trump's face to make him look more like Hitler). They don't feature paid adverts. Info:  Only published six times a year. Price: £10.99 (for 100+ pages). Its overpriced because i

Magazines are specialised in the fact that they only target a specific audience so advertisers in the magazine has a specific target audience. IPC IPC is a large, mainstream organisation. This is shown in the layout of their website. The publisher is part of a media conglomerate. They also produce music magazines, sports magazines etc. This is significant for the magazine because it is well supported. Key theory 12- power and media industries, Curran and Seaton: The media is controlled by a small number of companies primarily driven by the profit and power.  Media concentration limits variety, creativity and quality. More socially diverse patterns of ownership can create more varied and adventurous media productions.  Woman magazine 1985 advert: 80's colours, bright, neon pink, blue, green etc. Masthead is different to the 60's- it's less personal, more bold. Competition to win a car- different to the 60's because it was unlikely for most wome

The Suffragette Movement, Two World Wars, the swingin' 60s, Britpop and the digital revolution - we been part of it all Pinpointing exactly how far Time Inc. UK's (formerly IPC Media) roots stretch back into the midst of publishing history is a complicated business. The International Publishing Corporation Ltd was formed in 1963 following the merger of the UK's three leading magazine publishers - George Newnes, Odhams Press and Fleetway Publications - who came together with the Mirror Group to form the International Publishing Corporation (IPC). And IPC Magazines was created five years later, in 1968. But those three original magazine businesses each had their own illustrious history, having been established in 1881, 1890 and 1880 respectively, with a number of the titles they launched in the late 19th Century still being published today under the Time Inc. UK umbrella. And when The Field, launched in 1853, joined the IPC stable in 1994 following the acquisition of Harmsw

Brand identity: How a business presents itself and how it wants to be perceived by customers.  What essential aspects must be considered when a magazine constructs its brand identity? Constructing their own target audience. Brand loyalty- customers buying from the same brand over and over again.  Selling specific adverts for a specific audience.  Brand identity: Woman magazine-   Classic look, plain woman.  Magazine is targeted towards working class this could be because the lexis is casual.  There is more text on the page- could be seen as trashy.  Some of the text is covering her picture, implying that the women on the cover isn't important. I Its a cheaper magazine (seven pence- about 80p).  The model looks naive but friendly this is due to her smile.  Her smile looks forced because it seems overdone and fake- it is passive.  The big text for the title is what they use to draw in the audience.  Price is in bigger text, so the a

What messages about female identity are encoded into woman magazine? Women need to rely on men to complete tasks like building things. They belong in the kitchen and should be raising children this is shown in the picture of the woman in the kitchen with her child. What impact could this have on the target audience (and who is the target audience)? These ideologies will cultivate the idea that women have to wear make up otherwise they'd look unattractive. Cultivates the idea that their job is to clean the house and raise the children. It constructs a target audience (middle aged heterosexual females). It reflects the society in which it was made. What functions does the women's magazine serve? Constructs the idea that if you can control women then you can control society (this is an example of patriarchal hegemony ). Key theory 9- Feminist theory, bell hooks (name spelt without capital letters). She believes feminism is a struggle to end patriarchal hegemony a

Difference between component 1 and 2: Component 1- Unseen products will be shown. Only two topics. Component 2- 6 topics. (opinion needs to be shown). Need to make up question. Doesn't have to be a balanced argument. Hermeneutic code- shows mystery. Symbolic- meaning. Proairetic- suggests something will happen. Binary opposition- opposites (e.g: night and day). Sights & sound (international film magazine). (examples of generic conventions) Layout and design: Glossy cover. Images and photographs (shot type, angle, focus): Black and white. A lot of small images (no focus on one particular image). Images are all focused on film and cameras. Font size, type, colour and connotations:  Magazines: Free gifts (perfume, shampoo, cds etc). Lexis is different than newspapers- more gossipy. Exclusionary mode of adress. Woman magazine (1964) Pastel colours- more "feminine." flower colours. These colours may have been fashionabl

Industry theorist: 12- power and media industries, Curran and Seaton: Media is controlled by a small number of companies primarily driven by the logic of profit and domination. 13- Regulation, Sonia Livingstone and Peter Lunt: Transformations in the production, distribution and marketing of digital media, have placed traditional approaches to media restrictions at risk.  14- Cultural industies, Daid Hesmondhalgh: Companies try to minimise risk and maximise audiences through vertical and horizontal integration. Cultural capital: What can this term refer to? The value of culture. = The cultural resources of an individual, for example, knowledge, qualifications, art customs and tastes. It is a form of hegemony. How does the daily mirror speak to it's working class audience? Not a lot of text, pictures are easier to read. Large sans serif font. Only one main story (not a lot to read). Focused on left wing politics (against Trump), relev

Ideology: the beliefs of a media producer. Stuart Hall- Reception theory. The ways which the audience processes the ideology of the producer.  Cambridge News Tabloid Genre: local news.  Article: "Aspiring heart surgeon spared jail for attack on partner" Smug face- anchorage for audience to hate her. Drug and alcohol addiction. Stereotype that woman are crazy. Ideology that she has loose sexual morals because she uses tinder. They make her seem like the victim because no one has helped her with her mental health issues.  "Homeless person has items burned," police section. Only small article. "Rough sleeper" is in caps, meaning they want the audience to feel sorry for the person because of their situation.  "Not yet clear to what happened," unclear maybe not as important as if it was on a higher class person. "Malicious attack," suggests the vulnerability of the person as well as making the audienc