Film industry

Film industry

What is the purpose of any media text?


  • To make money as well as influence the ideology of the audience. 

The history of film 
  • The first film was used to settle a scientific debate on horses in 1878 (around 141 years ago).
  • The films in 1890's were under a minute long.
  • Sound in films wasn't introduced till the early 1900's in the film "the jazz singer."
  • The first film studio was built in 1897.
  • Many films were edited in factories and warehouses in Hollywood. 
  • Most of the people working in these factories were women. Making films was seen as a "feminine" job.
  • The number of women working in the film industry decreased when men started making money off films.
Classical Narrative Cinema
  • Emphasis of spatial continuity- Audience will know where they are at any time.
  • Emphasis of temporal continuity- Audience will know in what order these events have taken place and any flashbacks would be clearly signposted.
  • The film must be realistic and must not make reference to other films or other texts (it is a matter of style).
Le jardinier et le petit espiegle (1895)
  • One of the first movies made 
  • Only 47 seconds long.
  • Its all done in a single shot (mainly because the cameras used at the time didn't allow them to change shots).
Key terms 
  • The studio system: 
  • Production: The making of a media product. 
  • Distribution: Getting the product out to the consumer/ audience. 
  • Conglomeration: A corporation that consists of a group of businesses dealing in different products/ services.
  • Vertical/ horizontal integration: Horizontal= One film company buying out another film company (usually to reduce competition). Vertical= A company buys other companies involved in different stages of production and circulation. It is illegal because it can be seen as controlling.  
  • Regulation: Keeping something the same/ constant. The rules and restrictions followed by media products.
  • Digital technologies: Technology made possible to use through computers.
  • Convergence: Where two separate media industries come together. (e.g: music videos have the film and music industry coming together).
  • Exhibition: The showing of  media product. (e.g: cinema, youtube etc).
  • Ident: Part played at the start of a movie (e.g: the dreamworks kid fishing at the start of a dreamworks movie).

Key theory 14:
The cultural industries- David Hesmondhalgh

Universal Pictures
  • Universal Pictures is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal
  • Founded In LA in 1912.
  • Universal Pictures creates and distributes theatrical and non-theatrical filmed entertainment. 
  • Universal has been known for its diverse slate of films. These include classics such as Jaws, E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial, the Jurassic Park series, and Mamma Mia!; high-concept comedies like Bruce Almighty, The 40-Year-Old Virgin, and Knocked Up; and franchises such as Back to the Future, Meet the Parents, Fast and Furious, and Bourne. 
  • Highest grossing film: Jurassic Park.

Key theory 12:
Power and media industries- Curran and seaton.

  • The media is controlled by a small number of companies primarily driven by the profit and power.
  • Media concentration limits variety and creativity.





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