TV industry (component 1, section B)

Industry theories

Curran and seaton- power industries, media industries owned by a small amount  of people so the same ideologies are presented to the audience.

Conglomeration- where one company buys out other companies in order to become larger and eliminate competition.
David Hesmondhalgh- media industries: 

  • vertical integration- where an organisation acquires another organisation "up or down" in the production chain. example, paramount pictures own showcase cinemas. 
  • Horizontal integration- where an organisation buys others in the same sector (stream publishing focuses purely on magazines. 
  • Digital/ multimedia integration- they buy into other related areas of cultural industry production to ensure cross production.

Livingstone and Lunt- regulation.
How have the films you have studied been shaped by economic factors?

knee jerk reaction (first reaction to it)

Both I Daniel Blake and Straight outta Compton have been influenced by economic factors, with I Daniel Blake, being a major independent produced film with political themes and straight outta Compton being a major release with mass market appeal.

Plan
BBC films
BFI films
Legendary pictures- produced straight outta Compton
i Daniel Blake had a lottery grant- partly funded by government.
Hesmondhalgh
Curran and seaton
Universal films
Straight outta Compton is a biopic film- based off real events
I Daniel Blake- social realist film genre
I Daniel Blake is an indie film
Straight outta Compton is a major film.
Social media: #straightouttacompton
I Daniel Blake make £15.8 mil vs Straight outta Compton £201.6 mil, box office
Distribution- how product gets out there (e.g: cinema, dvd etc)
Exhibition- how it is shown


Facts about Straight outta Compton

  • Straight outta Compton was released as a 15 age rating however, the dvd version is 18 rating as the cinema version had cut down on any taboo language and certain scenes- they did this to widen their target audience and gain more ratings for the box office.
  • Traditional distribution and production
  • Universal a huge and multinational conglomeration wit the finances and power to distribute internationally- a vertically integrated, international conglomeration, an international marketing campaign, targeting the big movie territories.
  • Co-produced by many smaller organisations and stakeholders.
  • social media marketing, viral, hashtags.
  • Theatrical trailer is viewed 7.5 million times, with the potential to be shared on social media
  • NWA's music is an excellent example of selling and distributing to a pre-sold audience
  • Younger audience will be attracted to the genre conventions of the rap, action and gangster genres
  • Trailer shown on first Republican political debate, ensuring a mass audience, and a declaration of the film's political ideology
  • Ties in to themes of police brutality, especially the black lives matter movement. Iconography of the trailer, with images of riots and police conflicts capitalised on this 
  • Traditional forms of marketing including billboards, posters and trailers and magazine adverts
  • Film later distributed on Netflix, with a vast potential multinational audience
  • Fan edits and memes created from the straight outta Compton logo, which was itself based on parental advisory sticker
  • BBFC 15 certificate, very strong language, violence, sex and drugs. Use of v strong language limits potential audience, yet the film was re-cut to avoid an 18 certificate
  • Extended directors cut rated 18, where regulation issues less likely to effect sales
  • Choice of actors, and who they are playing. Ice Cube's son! Actors are a commodity, selling the product to the audience
  • Synergy between the film and music industry. The album Straight Outta Compton was re released on vinyl and sold through UK supermarkets, target an older, generalised, mass audience.
  • Trailer uses remixed, modernised versions of the original songs, targeting not only existing fanbase but new audiences. Primarily for financial purposes, budget of 28-50 mil is a mid/ high budget Hollywood film. High stakes in terms of budget.
  • 7.5 million views on YouTube trailer, indicates a viral online success.
  • Targeting a mass, generalised audience, with a particular focus on young black men. Predominantly black cast and a black director.
  • Teaser photos released days before the films release, on social media. Downloaded 6 million times. Innovative marketing strategy and an example of viral marketing.
  • Regulation- BBFC 15 certificate when released theatrically in cinemas. Film was reedited to ensure a lower age certificate to reach a bigger audience and teenagers with an expandable income. also released as an 18 rated director's cut.
  • Distributed on NowTv.
  • Produced by Legendary pictures, a huge producer specialising in big budget films such as Batman and Mamma Mia 2.

Facts about I, Daniel Blake
  • Primarily distributed in atypical ways
  • Official website: discounted cinema tickets for the target demographic (working class)
  • Low production values and budget, targeting primarily a middle class and socially conscious audience
  • Traditional methods of distribution. Premiered and Cannes, and then sold to the distributor eOne (for UK distribution)
  • Production: financed by BFI, BBC, Wild Bunch, Canal Plus: a British, Belgian and French production, an example of a globalised media. It is a coproduction, demonstrating internationalisation.
  • Distributed in France under the title Moi, Daniel Blake
  • An independent film, created through the collaboration of many international financiers 
  • Traditional: theatrical trailer, which was also distributed digitally
  • Atypical distribution and exhibition methods: Outdoor screening in Newcastle, and film was also shown in social clubs and community centres, particularly in the north England, indicating the targeting of a working class audience
  • hashtag I Daniel Blake allowed the film to be virally marketed by online audiences
  • 13.9K follows on Twitter
  • Jeremy Vine interviews Ken Loach on BBC Radio 2 traditional marketing
  • Jeremy Corbyn publicly praised the film on social media, reinforcing the socialist ideology of the film.
  • 1.2 million views on YouTube trailer- word of mouth, viral media 
  • Small specialised, niche audience necessitates it's budget is met through a variety of sources from an economic perspective: heavily politicised ideological message, favouring the left wing labour party.
  • Addresses hard hitting theme
  • Low budget leads to low production value.
  • Lacks star appeal, unknown actors.
  • Tickets being sold for £3.50 (subsidised tickets), so a working class audience can afford the price. However, the film is predominantly attracted a white middle class audience, which is typical of Loaches.
  • This film was released in France, Italy and other European countries- movie posters translated to french to appeal to a French target audience.
  • Won the Plame D'or, the biggest prize in the Cannes film festival.
  • Screened in social clubs in events around the UK

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